概念

定义：

UserOperation - a structure that describes a transaction to be sent on behalf of a user. To avoid confusion, it is not named "transaction".
- Like a transaction, it contains "sender", "to", "calldata", "maxFeePerGas", "maxPriorityFee", "signature", "nonce"
- unlike a transaction, it contains several other fields, described below
- also, the "nonce" and "signature" fields usage is not defined by the protocol, but by each account implementation
Sender - the account contract sending a user operation.
EntryPoint - a singleton contract to execute bundles of UserOperations. Bundlers/Clients whitelist the supported entrypoint.
Bundler - a node (block builder) that bundles multiple UserOperations and create an EntryPoint.handleOps() transaction. Note that not all block-builders on the network are required to be bundlers
Aggregator - a helper contract trusted by accounts to validate an aggregated signature. Bundlers/Clients whitelist the supported aggregators.

UserOperation交易：

Field	Type	Description
`sender`	`address`	The account making the operation
`nonce`	`uint256`	Anti-replay parameter; also used as the salt for first-time account creation
`initCode`	`bytes`	The initCode of the account (needed if and only if the account is not yet on-chain and needs to be created)
`callData`	`bytes`	The data to pass to the `sender` during the main execution call
`callGasLimit`	`uint256`	The amount of gas to allocate the main execution call
`verificationGasLimit`	`uint256`	The amount of gas to allocate for the verification step
`preVerificationGas`	`uint256`	The amount of gas to pay for to compensate the bundler for pre-verification execution and calldata
`maxFeePerGas`	`uint256`	Maximum fee per gas (similar to EIP-1559 `max_fee_per_gas`)
`maxPriorityFeePerGas`	`uint256`	Maximum priority fee per gas (similar to EIP-1559 `max_priority_fee_per_gas`)
`paymasterAndData`	`bytes`	Address of paymaster sponsoring the transaction, followed by extra data to send to the paymaster (empty for self-sponsored transaction)
`signature`	`bytes`	Data passed into the account along with the nonce during the verification step

架构

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不使用Paymaster时的流程：

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